music simulates the operation of the following different
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typesof stormwater quality improvement facilities:
Buffer Strips are commonly used as
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asource control measure, particularly for management of road runoff.They are effective in the removal of coarse to medium-
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sizesediments and can be used as an effective pre-treatment measure
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forbioretention systems. They also can assist in reduction
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ofpeak flows for smaller events and may promote
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channelsystems which use vegetation to aid the removal of sediment
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andsuspended solids. These systems are subjected to fairly
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highhydraulic loading and the removal efficiency is dependent on
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thedensity and height of the vegetation in the channel. As
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forbuffer strips, the vegetation can assist in reducing peak flows
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fora range of events (dependent on the swale width and length) and
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mayalso be beneficial in volumetric reduction through infiltration,dependent upon the underlying soil conditions.
Wetlands are an effective
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stormwatertreatment measure for the removal of fine suspended solids
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andassociated contaminants, as well as soluble contaminants. They can also provide significant storage for a range of
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stormevents. These systems use a combination of physical,
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chemicaland biological processes to remove stormwater pollutants. They
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arecommonly used as
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end-of-
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pipe stormwater treatment systems,
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butrecent research has shown that they are scalable for application
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asnear-source control measures. The model also has the capability
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tomodel the reuse of treated stormwater stored in
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wetlandsystems.
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BioretentionSystems(also known as biofiltration
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systemsor rain-gardens) promote the removal of particulate and
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solublecontaminants by passing stormwater water through a filter medium,either for infiltration into surrounding soils, or for
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collectionby an underdrain. This category is thus also used for
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modellingvegetated infiltration systems, whilst unvegetated
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infiltrationsystems are modelled with the Infiltration node (see below).
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Welldesigned bioretention systems can provide both flow management
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andwater quality benefits. A range of factors affect the
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treatmentperformance of the bioretention systems, including the type
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andcomposition of filter media (e.g. loamy sand), the presence
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andtype of vegetation used, and the presence of design
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enhancementssuch as the use of a saturated zone to enhance denitrification.
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Inmusic, the prediction of bioretention system performance is
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basedon extensive research undertaken by the Facility for
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AdvancingWater Biofiltration (see www.monash.edu.au/fawb). It is strongly
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recommendedthat FAWBs Stormwater Biofiltration Adoption Guidelines
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beconsulted when designing (and modelling)
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bioretentionsystems.
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InfiltrationSystemsreduce the volume of stormwater,
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andhence the frequency of runoff and the mass of contaminants carried,by infiltration into the bed of the basin. In music
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theInfiltration node is used only to
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simulatethe performance of unvegetated
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infiltrationsystems (e.g.using gravel or sand filter media).
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Vegetatedinfiltration systems should be modelled using the
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Bioretentionnode (
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seeabove).
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Ingeneral, the use of vegetated infiltration systems is
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advocatedwherever possible. In unvegetated systems, coarse particulates
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aredeposited on the floor of the basin. Dissolved material and
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veryfine particulates infiltrate into the soil, hence the potential
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forcontamination of groundwater needs to be addressed. Inflows
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inexcess of the storage and infiltration capacity of the basin
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willoverflow and continue downstream. By reducing the volume of
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surfacerunoff, infiltration systems help to counteract the increase
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inrunoff volume and frequency that generally
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accompaniesurbanisation.
Media Filtration Systemsare commonly modular or pre-fabricated systems which are used
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forfiltering stormwater. These systems typically use a simple
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sandmedia, or a more specialised engineered media, and may
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bespecifically tailored to provide water quality suitable
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forstormwater harvesting.
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You can edit the properties of this node
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tomatch the specifications of the filtration system being used (
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suchmodification should be undertaken only using published
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stormwatertreatment measures such as open water bodies (without
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significantshallow vegetated areas in the predominant flow paths)
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andornamental ponds. The treatment of stormwater is
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predominantlyassociated with temporary detention to reduce peak flows
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andfacilitate settling of suspended solids. Other treatment
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processespromoted in pond systems include phytoplankton assimilation
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ofsoluble nutrients and ultra-violet disinfection. These
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processesare currently not explicitly included in the modelling algorithm.The model also has the capability to model the reuse of
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ofroof runoff for in-house or garden use. While some settling
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mayoccur in the tank, the main contaminant removal process is
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thediversion of impervious area runoff to pervious areas (via
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gardenuse) or to sewer (after in-house use). Effective use of
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rainwatertanks can reduce the directly connected impervious area of
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acatchment, and help to counteract the increase in impervious
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areathat generally accompanies urbanisation through reduction in
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coarseand medium particles. Typically they operate at high
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hydraulicloading rates, and have fairly short detention times. The
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treatmentof stormwater in sedimentation basins is achieved almost
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entirelyby temporary detention to facilitate settling of suspended solids.No other biological or biochemical processes are simulated
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withinthe Sedimentation Basin node.
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DetentionBasins areopen or closed storages aimed primarily at reducing downstream
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peakflows although they also offer some removal of coarse and
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mediumparticles. Typically they operate at high hydraulic loading rates,and have fairly short detention times. The treatment of
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stormwaterin detention basins is achieved almost entirely by
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temporarydetention to facilitate settling of suspended solids. No
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otherbiological or biochemical processes are simulated within
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aredevices for effective removal of solids conveyed by
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stormwaterwhich are typically larger than 5 mm. Often, they are used as
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thefirst treatment element in a stormwater treatment train. There
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aremany proprietary gross pollutant traps currently suitable for
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usein urban catchments and information on their performance
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isbecoming available. As for media filtration systems, information
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onperformance of these systems should only be sourced from
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allw you to define transfer functions for flows and water
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qualityfor stormwater quality treatment measures which are not
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explicitlymodelled in music. Generic nodes can also be used to model
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suchsituations as flow diversion, flow dilution, contamination by
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seweroverflow, etc.
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