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The behavioural model applied in the Behavioural Water Use node provides simulation of water use using the Behavioural End-use Stochastic Simulator (BESS) of Thyer et al. (2011). BESS stochastically simulates individual end-uses (outdoor, shower, washing machine, toilet, tap etc) at the household scale at sub-daily time steps using algorithms that probabilistically simulate an individual household’s use of common household water-using appliances. The conceptual framework for BESS as applied in the Urban Developer Plugin, is as follows:
Figure 1. BESS conceptual framework
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(after Thyer et al, 2009)
For indoor water uses, the water use simulations for each household are based on the type of water-using appliance and the occupancy of that household. The difference from the average daily model is that instead of specifying an average daily volume and percentages for each end use, the user specifies the water-using appliance and household occupancy and BESS simulates the water for each individual end-use using the in-built parameters for the water use event dynamics. The types of water-using appliances for each end-use are configured in the appliance types. This enables users to simulate the effects of changes in the uptake of water efficient appliances.
The appliances and occupancy for each household can be specified in several different ways, configured under Edit>>Urban Developer Options:
- Fixed appliances and occupancy Appliances – where the type of appliances and occupancy for each house are fixed by the user
- Sampled appliances and occupancy – where the user inputs probability distributions for the occupancy and water-using appliance. At the start of an Urban Developer Scenario run the occupancy and appliance type is randomly sampled for each house in the Behavioural Water Use nodes.
- Average appliance demand – rather than sampling from the probability distribution of water consumption for a usage event for each appliance, the average water use is selected. This mode can be used in conjunction with Fixed or Sampled appliances and occupancy and is activated by the 'Use Average Demand' checkbox available in the Behavioural Water Use node user interface.
Further details on these configurations are given below in Behavioural Model Configuration.
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The appliances and occupancy for each household can be specified in several different ways, configured under Edit>>Urban Developer Options.
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Appliances
The behavioural water use model configuration with fixed appliances and occupancy allows you Appliances allows the user to set appliance types for each indoor (showers, washing machines, dishwashers, taps and toilets) and outdoor (pool) end use under the Appliances option in Urban Settings for each water use node. Household occupancy is specified om on the water use node interface. The water consumption for individual water use events is still sampled from probability distributions, as described in Capturing Temporal Variability in Indoor Water Use Events.
Using the behavioural model with fixed appliances and occupancy the Appliances option is the recommended approach when you are simulating a smaller number of houses (< 400), and you want allows the user to specify exactly the type of appliances and occupancy for each house. For this behavioural model configuration, you set the The indoor end-use appliance types and occupancy is set specifically for each water use node. Refer to the Node Propertiesproperties for details.
The fixed appliances and occupancy Appliances model is enabled by disabling the Sampled Appliances & Occupancy menu.
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The behavioural water use model with sampled Sampled appliances and occupancy allows you to specify random sampling of occupancy and appliance types, for each household, from statistical distributions.
Using the behavioural model with sampled Sampled appliances and occupancy is only recommended when you are simulating a larger number of households (> 400) and you do not want to set the appliance types /occupancy for each house.
When using the sampled Sampled appliances and occupancy model, the occupancy and appliance type node properties do not need to be configured. Other properties, such as the number of households, supply and discharge preferences do need to be configured. Refer to the Node Propertiesproperties for details.
The sampled Sampled appliances and occupancy model is enabled and disabled using the Sampled Appliances & Occupancy menu.
Details of the sampled the Sampled appliances and occupancy algorithm are provided in Thyer et al. (2009) and references cited therein, a summary is provided below.
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You can specify a number of houses smaller than 400, but should be aware that the sampled percentage of household occupancy and appliances appliance types may be different than the percentage you originally specified.
Average Demand
This mode can be used in conjunction with Fixed or Sampled appliances and occupancy and is activated by the 'Use Average Demand' checkbox available in the Behavioural Water Use node user interface.
References
Micevski, T., Thyer, M., Kuczera, G. (2011) A Behavioural Approach for Household Outdoor Water Use Modelling. Paper submitted to Water Resources Research (April 2011).
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