Properties
Shower
Appliance Types| Property | Description | Units | Constraints |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | The name of the appliance type | NA | NA |
| Volume Mean | Shower flow rate is modelled using a log-normal distribution. Volume Mean is the mean (unitless) of the normal distribution obtained by taking the natural logarithm of the log-normal distribution. | L/min* | >= 0 |
| Volume SD | Shower flow rate is modelled using a log-normal distribution. |
User Interface
Volume SD is the standard deviation (unitless) of the normal distribution obtained by taking the natural logarithm of the log-normal distribution. | L/min* | > 0 | |
| Duration Mean | Shower duration is modelled using a log-normal distribution. Duration Mean is the mean (unitless) of the normal distribution obtained by taking the natural logarithm of the log-normal distribution. | min* | >= 0 |
| Duration SD | Shower duration is modelled using a log-normal distribution. Duration SD is the standard deviation (unitless) of the normal distribution obtained by taking the natural logarithm of the log-normal distribution. | min* | > 0 |
| Daily Prob | Average number of showers/person/day | none | >= 0 |
* Units are for the log-normal distribution.
Dishwasher
| Property | Description | Units | Constraints |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | The name of the appliance type | NA | NA |
| Volume | The volume of water used by the dishwasher during each minute of a 20 minute cycle. It is not currently possible to distribute the water use over a cycle greater than 20 minutes in length. | L | >= 0 |
Hand Tap
| Property | Description | Units | Constraints |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | The name of the appliance type | NA | NA |
| Volume | Average litres per usage event | L | >= 0 |
Toilet
| Property | Description | Units | Constraints |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | The name of the appliance type | NA | NA |
| Full Volume | The average volume of a full flush for a single or dual-flush toilet | L | >= 0 |
| Full Daily Prob | Average number of full toilet flushes/person/day for single or dual-flush toilets | none | >= 0 |
| Half Volume | The average volume of a half toilet flush for a single or dual-flush toilet | L | >= 0 |
| Half Daily Prob | Average number of half toilet flushes/person/day for dual-flush toilets | none | >= 0 |
Washing Machine
| Property | Description | Units | Constraints |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | The name of the appliance type | NA | NA |
| Vol Mean | Mean volume of a washing machine event | L | >= 0 |
| Vol SD | Standard deviation of a washing machine event | L | > 0 |
| Distribution | The distribution used to model the washing machine water usage per event. Options are:
If a log-normal distribution is selected, then Vol Mean and Vol SD are the unitless mean and standard deviation, respectively, of the normal distribution obtained by taking the natural logarithm of the log-normal distribution. | NA | NA |
Pool
| Property | Description | Units | Constraints |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | The name of the appliance type | L | >= 0 |
| Surface Area | The pool surface area | m2 | >= 0 |
| Initial Depth | The depth of water in the pool at the start of the simulation | m | >= 0 |
| Maximum Depth | The maximum depth of the pool | m | >= 0 |
Default Appliance Types
The table below lists the default appliance types for each end-use category. Water efficiency star ratings are based on WELS scheme (AS/NZS6400:2005, Water Efficient Products - Rating and Labelling)
| End-use Category | Default Appliance Types |
|---|---|
| Shower | 0, 1, 2 or 3-star shower head |
| Dishwasher | Dishwasher, no dishwasher |
| Washing Machine | Top loader, front loader |
| Hand Tap | Standard, no tap |
| Toilet | Dual flush 4.5/3 litre (4-Star) Dual flush 6/3 litre (3-Star) Dual flush 9/4.5 litre (1-Star) Dual flush 11/6 litre (0-Star) Single flush 10 litre (0-Star) |
| Pool | Pool, no pool |
User Interface
Appliances are configured via the Urban Settings menu (Figure 1), allocating Default appliance types for each end-use category.
Acknowledgements
This material has been adapted from:
eWater Cooperative Research Centre (2011) Urban Developer User Guide: Urban Developer v1.0.0, eWater Cooperative Research Centre, Canberra, 29 June 2011. ISBN 978-1-921543-40-1The daily diurnal pattern is a time series used by the Average and Behavioural Water Use nodes to disaggregate daily demand into sub-daily values.
Figure 1 Appliances user interface
Technical Details
The water consumption models for each of the end-use categories are detailed in Thyer et al. (2009) and references cited therein.
The application of these models to simulate the temporal variability in water use events is described in the behavioural model.
References
Roberts, P. (2005). 2004 Residential End Use Measurement Study, Final Report: Yarra Valley Water, Victoria.
Thyer, M.A., Duncan, H., Coombes, P., Kuczera, G. and Micevski, T. (2009) A Probabilistic Behavioural Approach for the Dynamic Modelling of Indoor Household Water Use. 32nd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, 30 November – 3 December 2009, Newcastle, Australia.