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Using analysis tools

The next section describes the Source processing tools and component models that are installed by default or are plugins to Source. For detailed descriptions of component models, see the Source Scientific Reference Guide.

Mapping Analysis window

The mapping analysis window displays a spatial map of the constituent loads per sub-catchment and can be accessed using Tools > Analysis Windows > Map.... You can perform the following functions in this window:

• To display the individual loads in each sub-catchment, under Map Details, click to open the Runs drop-down menu. Choose a scenario, then the desired Variable and Statistic values from the respective drop-down menus. Move the mouse curser over a sub-catchment in the map view. A "tool-tip" appears near the mouse cursor, indicating the amount of constituent exported for that sub-catchment per year (Figure 227);
• You can compare the statistics of two scenario runs by enabling the Subtract checkbox. Carry out the same steps outlined for the mapping analysis window;
• Displays the difference in total loads for the selected constituent for each sub-catchment in kg per year; and
• Display results per unit area by enabling the Divide by Area checkbox.

Data unit converter

This tool converts units (embedded into data files) in Source from one type to another. You can access it from Tools > Analysis Windows > Data Unit Converter (Figure 211).

Use the converter as follows:

• Drag and drop the input data file onto the Source data window in the left side panel. If there are units in the data file, they will appear in the units field below the input window. If they do not, log an issue into JIRA;
• Enter the output/target units into the Units field on the right side (under Converted Data). You can either use the default name (copied from the source data file) or enter a new name; and
• Click Convert. To save the converted file, you have to drag it somewhere else in Source that has a Save as function. You cannot right-click the converted data graph and save it.

Note that if there are no units in the input file, you must force the data converter to assume that there are input units by ticking the Override input units checkbox and entering the "assumed" unit under Units. For example, you have a CSV file containing dates and rainfall, but it does not contain any units. You want an output containing metres per day. Assume the input is in mm/day:

• Drop the input file into the Source data window;
• Tick the Override units checkbox;
• Enter mm.day-1 into the Units field;
• In the converted data window, enter the name for the converted data set;
• In the converted data window units field, enter m.day-1 (this is metres per day); and
• Click Convert. The converted data should be scaled down.

You can also scale the converted output to your desired units by ticking the Use converting quantity checkbox. Enter a non-zero value into the Value field and click Convert to scale the output by both the value and the difference in magnitude of the units eg 0.5 mm/h converted to m/h with value 3 ends up being 0.0005 m/h. Note that you must specify both the source value and the target units.

Data calculator

The Data calculator can be used to analyse spatial data and time series through the use of simple arithmetic operators. A single data set or two comparable data sets can be analysed using the data calculator. In Source, you can access it using Tools > Data Calculator Tool.

You can use rasters, time series or numbers as operands:

• Drag and drop raster data or time series into either of the two view controls (raster or time series are displayed in a small window called a View Control (Figure 212) or use a combination of a raster/time series and a number.
• Use the radio buttons to select either the view control or the numeric value as left and right operands.
• Click one of the basic operations buttons (addition, subtraction, square root etc). The data calculator displays the operand you selected.
• Click "=", and the result, either raster/time series or numeric, appears in the results area on the right.

Note Time series and spatial data need to be in a format compatible with Source. See File formats.

The memory feature of the data calculator allows you save previous results, either numeric or raster/time-series.

Click Memory to open the memory area. To save a result raster/time series into the memory, click on the 1st or 2nd operand, or result, view control, then drag and drop the contents into your desired memory view control. The label above each view control resides shows the mathematical operation leading to the result stored there. Figure 213 shows the memory area with several stored results.

Note When you close the data calculator, the stored results are not saved. If you want to keep any of the rasters, right-click the raster, and choose Save from the contextual menu.

To save any of the results, right-click any of the view controls, and choose Save from the pop-up menu. You can also drag the contents of any view control into any other view control or graph form anywhere else in Source.

The Stats tab gives a statistical summary of the data sets that have been analysed with the Data Calculator. The Reflected Operations tab provides additional data manipulation operations, such as Merge, find Maximum value or multiply two rasters. It allows you to perform customised operations. You can use a plugin to create these operations, which then appear on the list, and can be performed on various data sets.

Data modification tool

This functionality is yet to be documented. If you would like assistance, please call 1300-5-WATER (1300-592-837).

Time Series Manager

The Time series Manager (TSM) is a tool for manipulating, infilling, cleaning and transforming time series. It can be used to investigate time series, and apply any rating curve to create new time-series data sets.

Plugin file: C:\Program Files\eWater\Source version\Plugins\Ecology.RAP.TSM.dll

Location in Source: Tools > Plugins > Ecology.RAP.TSM > <name of RAP tool>

The TSM module interacts with the other three components of RAP, and can:

• Accept the rating curves developed in the Hydraulic Analysis (HA) module and apply them to time series; and
• Input time series to the Time series Analysis (TSA) module.

It is intended as an interpretive tool and is ideal for workshop or seminar-like situations, as well as standard desktop analysis. TSA handles most common time series formats such as *.CSV, *.CDT, *.IQQM and *.SILO8. Time series must be free of gaps and null entries (ie -9999).

The rating curves can be saved as .xml, which can be opened and viewed in MS Excel. Time series of hydraulic metrics can be saved as .CSV or .CDT (comma delimited time series). Bit-maps of plots can also be copied and pasted into graphics programs.

Contributor

The Contributor plugin is used to determine how much constituent travels to a point in a network. For example, you may calculate the amount of suspended solids that run off a sub-catchment that have been transported to the mouth of a river (the assumption is that proportions of the runoff are deposited in the network as it travels through the catchment).

Plugin file: C:\Program Files\eWater\Source version\Plugins\RiverSystem.Plugins.Contributor.dll

Location in Source: Tools > Plugins > Contributor > Contributor

Basic operation

Select the run and constituent of interest (functional units cannot be chosen yet). The map provides a graphical representation of the amount of the constituents that have been contributed to the terminal (or outlet) node in the network (Figure 215). You can select another point in the system by clicking on the link above the desired node on the map. The results are automatically recalculated and may be standardised for catchment areas by clicking the checkbox at the bottom left of the plugin window.

The Table tab shows the results in tabular form (Figure 216). You can export the results to a .CSV file by clicking Export.

Spatial data pre-processor

The spatial data pre-processor offers a range of tools that can be used to manipulate spatial data.

Plugin file:

C:\Program Files\eWater\Source version\Plugins\RiverSystem.Plugins.SpatialDataPreProcessor.dll

Location in Source: Tools > Plugins > RiverSystem.Plugins.SpatialDataPreProcessor

QuickRemap

The QuickRemap tool allows the grid codes of a raster file to be changed in an easy manner by changing the values in the table and running the tool to get a new raster:

• Drag and drop a raster into the "src" box. This is the source raster from which remapping will be done;
• Enter the modified grid codes that map to certain layers within the raster. For example, a forest layer in a land use map may have a grid code of 3. If a scenario is required where the forest is cleared for horticulture, the grid code may need to be changed to 5, to signify that it is a Horticulture FU.
• Click Run and the remapped raster appears in the "dest" box. This can be saved to disk.

CreateMask

The CreateMask tool creates a new raster of the same dimensions as the source raster with grid cell values that equal the mask value. Therefore, all non-null values in the raster grid are replaced with the maskValue parameter. This can be done as follows:

• Drag and drop a raster into the "src" pane. This is the source raster from which remapping will be done;
• Enter a value for maskValue, which will replace all the non-null values in the raster grid. For example, a maskValue of 1 (default) will produce a new raster with the value of 1 in all cells that are not null values; and
• Click Run and the new mask raster appears in the "dest" pane. This can be saved to disk.

CookieCut

The CookieCut tool allows a portion of a larger raster to be "cut out" and a new raster produced. This may be useful when you only need a small segment of a large land use or DEM file.

• drag and drop the raster that a segment is to be "cut" from into the "dough" pane;
• In the cutter pane drag and drop the raster that will mark the dimensions or border of the new raster; and
• Click Run and the new segment raster is displayed in the cookie pane and can be saved using the Save icon to the left of the Cookie pane.

SelectColumns FromVectors

The SelectColumnsFromVectors tool extracts a particular attribute column from a vector map (ie shape file) and creates a new vector map based on the selected attribute.

1. Drag and drop a vector file (eg a shape file) into the sourceData pane. A list of attributes is displayed. To display the spatial extent of the attribute, select the attribute name in the sourceData pane. The number of the attribute column is displayed under Hide.
2. Set the attribute column number in the entryToTake box. In the example below a value of 1 corresponds to the GRIDCODE attribute column.
3. Click Run. The resulting vector map is displayed in the destinationData window, which contains only the attribute in the column corresponding to the value specified in entryToTake.

Sub-catchment Union

The Sub-catchmentUnion tool joins all sub-catchments in a sub-catchment raster into a single catchment area:

1. Drag and drop a sub-catchment raster into the "src" pane.
2. Click Run. The resulting catchment raster is displayed in the dest pane and can be saved by clicking Save.

HazardMap Scaling

Hazard maps are useful for informing catchment and land managers of those parts of the landscape that are most vulnerable to certain environment hazards, such as soil erosion or salinity. Scaling the Event Mean Concentration (EMC) and the Dry Weather Concentration (DWC) values using an erosion hazard map allows areas with "hazardous" land uses (eg. highly grazed areas can be susceptible to higher levels of soil loss) to reflect the expected constituent magnitudes in such areas.

EMC and DWC parameters are determined from analysis of water quality data and are given as a minimum, median and maximum for each land use - but can be considered to apply to that land use only if it has a median erosion hazard. If the erosion hazard is above or below the median, the DWC and EMC need to be modified for that land use in that particular location. The erosion hazard map is defined as a weighted sum of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and gully density maps (these can be generated using eWater SedNet). The weights are chosen by the user but are conceptually a function of the sediment delivery ratio (SDR). The default values are 1.5 and 0.05 for gully density and USLE respectively.

The erosion hazard map is used to compute the median, min and max values for each land use across the whole catchment, and for each land use within each sub-catchment. So, for every sub-catchment and every land use within each sub-catchment, there is a value of min, median and max erosion hazard.

The EMC and DWC values applied to a particular land use in a particular sub-catchment is computed from the ratio of sub-catchment to global values multiplied by the global EMCs and DWCs for each land use. This can be best illustrated via the hypothetical example where Table 1 for tree and grass EMCs for each sub-catchment is computed by using Table 2 and Table 3 to linearly scale Table 4.

Table 1. Derived event mean concentrations (example values)

Table 2. Erosion hazard (example values)

The basic approach to scaling EMC and DWC values using a hazard map is as follows:

• Choose Configure > Constituent Models > Parameters...
• Choose Scale EMCs and DWCs using Hazard Map from the Available Methods drop-down menu.
• The sub-catchment and functional unit maps will automatically be displayed in the second and third boxes with the hazard map box initially blank.
• Drag and drop a hazard map into the blank window.

Note It is recommended that the Hazard Map be generated external to Source using a spatial data mapping and editing package.

• Click on the Parameter tab. The Output, Constraint and State tabs can be ignored, as they are automatically generated by Source.
• Select the Constituent type from the Select Element drop-down menu (eg TSS).
• Manually enter or load a text file containing functional unit name, minimum median and maximum EMC values for each corresponding functional unit type. An example is given in Figure 223 for EMC values. Repeat for DWC window.

Note Functional unit names must exactly match the list displayed in the EMC window. An alternative approach is to save out the empty EMC/DWC files as a template to ensure functional unit names/spaces and spelling are correct. This table can then be populated with minimum, median and maximum EMC/DWC values and loaded into Source.

• Percentile - specifies the percentile bound for generating the regional hazard statistics visible under the State tab;
• Processing cell size - this parameter can be ignored. The ProcessingCellSize is used when rasterising the FU land use and Hazard maps, and is set to a default of 100, which is 100 meters wide (and high). A smaller the size results in a finer the scale for spatial scaling of erosion hazard values, but processing will take longer; and
• Use FU areas - this parameter can be ignored as it is automatically generated and requires no input from the user.
• Click Run;
• When processing is complete the green progress bar at the bottom of the screen will have moved across;
• If more than one constituent type is listed, then a new constituent will need to be selected from the drop down list at the top of the screen. A new set of corresponding EMC/DWC values need to be loaded to correspond to the new constituent selected; and
• Select Close when appropriate EMC/DWC values have been assigned for all constituents.

StreamOrder Lengths

The StreamOrderLengths tool gives a summary of the lengths (in meters) of the river reaches and streams for each sub-catchment so that management tasks, such as riparian buffer zones, can be applied to specific stream orders within sub-catchments.

Select Tools > Plugins > RiverSystems.Plugins.SpatialDataPreProcessor > StreamOrderLengths. The Stream Order Lengths window appears:

• Drag and drop a stream order raster into the StreamOrderRaster pane;
• Drag and drop the sub-catchment map into the Sub Catchment Raster pane;
• Adjust the sinuosity factor if necessary (default value is 1.25);
• Click Create to create a table summarising the stream orders and lengths per sub-catchment; and
• Click Save to save the table. Source saves this as a tab-delimited file (.txt).

ExtractRaster

The ExtractRaster tool allows a spatial layer to be extracted from a raster. Therefore, if grid code 3 is entered in the "val" box, then all grid codes referenced as 3 will be extracted from the source raster (src).

• Drag and drop a raster to the "src" box;
• Enter the grid code value of the layer that is to be extracted; and
• Click the Run button. The extracted raster is displayed in the "dest" box.