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You can set the elevation for a link using the Location Control window (shown in Figure 43). Choose View » Location Control to open this window.
Figure
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3. Location Control window
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| Note: While it is usual to use zero storage as the reference point for the elevation of a link or node, there is no convention for a link as to whether that should be at the start or end of the reach, or some point in between. Source has no mechanism for indicating the fall across a reach. |
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Source supports three types of link routing. You can either use straight through routing, a lagged routing model (Figure 4) or model or a storage routing model (Figure 5). To enable routing, right click on the link, choose Routing Type, then click on the required link routing.
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A wetland routing link interconnects wetland hydraulic connector nodes and/or storage nodes. A wetland link is also known as a horizontal link because it is can only attach to the sides of storage and wetland connector nodes, rather than their upstream or downstream connectors. The presence of a horizontal link at a storage node indicates that the storage is behaving as a wetland. A wetland routing link is represented in the Schematic Editor as a solid green line with an arrow representing the expected direction of flow, which is set when you draw the link.
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4. Project Hierarchy (link models)
Straight through routing
All links are assigned straight through routing by default. This link has the following features:
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Lag Time represents the time it takes for water to travel along the link and is a positive real number. This can be expressed in various units shown in Figure 4. Initial Storage is the amount of water deemed to be in the link on the first time-step. For example, if there is a lag of two days, and there is 10ML in the link at the start of the run, then 5ML is deemed to be flowing out each day (total initial storage divided by lag).
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This is a simplification of the full momentum equation and assumes that diffusion and dynamic effects are negligible. The method uses index flow in flux, storage and mass balance equations. A weighting factor is used to adjust the bias between inflow and outflow rate, hence allowing for attenuation of flow. The storage routing
equation routing equation is shown below and some of its terms are represented diagrammatically in Figure 56:
| Equation 2 |
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where:
S is the storage in the reach,
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Figure 7. Link (Storage Routing), Generic
You can also specify a piecewise relationship (as shown in Figure 8) instead of a generic one.
Figure 8. Link (Storage routing), Piecewise
About dead storage
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Figure 9. Link (Storage routing, Loss/Gain)
You can enter the relationship manually, or import the data from a .CSV file, the format of which is shown in Table 5. This table shows the data file format for both evaporation and rainfall.
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Choose Evaporation to specify the rate of evaporation per unit of surface area. Typically, this is done using a time series (loaded using Data Sources), the format of which is shown in Table 5. You can also specify the rate of evaporation as a single value, or as an expression using the Function Editor.
Figure 10. Link (Storage routing, Evaporation)
Rainfall on link surfaces
To specify the rate of precipitation per unit of surface area, choose Rainfall. Just like evaporation, this can be specified as a single value, as a time series (format shown in Table 5) or an expression. A time series can have multiple columns containing rainfall data.
Figure 11. Link (Storage routing, Rainfall)
Timeseries Flux
This allows the input of a time series of total water lost or gained on a link. Values can be positive or negative. A negative value denotes water returned to the link (a gain). See also Link losses and gains.
Figure 12. Link (Storage routing, Timeseries flux)
Constituents
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Figure 13. Link (Ordering)
Ownership at links
The intention of ownership at links is to define which owner is responsible for fluxes that occur on links. This is available when ownership is enabled for a scenario. These fluxes are defined as an expression using the Function manager. Refer to Figure 14 for details.