...
...
...
...
...
1. You are recommended to use the same units as those in Dimensions, but you can change them by clicking on their respective units buttons.
Figure 1. Storage node
Table 1. Storage node, details
| Parameter | Definition | Default |
|---|---|---|
| Full Supply | The level or volume for which uncontrolled flow commences over an un-gated spillway. | Equal to the level of the spillway. |
| Initial Storage | The initial water level/volume in the storage at the start. This level must be above or equal to the minimum storage water level defined in the storage dimensions relationship. | There is no default value, but it can be a non-integer, with the minimum being the lowest storage dimension level. |
| Dead storage | The level or volume below which water cannot be released from the storage. This is different for rules-based and netLP ordering. Refer to the note below. | 0 |
| Info | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
| Note: In rules-based ordering, the defined dead storage does not impact on the ability to release; this is only affected by the storage’s outlet characteristics. In netLP ordering, the defined dead storage level overrides the storage outlet characteristics, that is, an outlet cannot release water below the defined dead storage level, even if it is configured to be able to release below the defined dead storage level. |
Operating targets
Releases from storages are normally assumed to be constant through the time-step (limited by volume to the minimum
...
...
...
...
The maximum operating target refers to the full supply level where a maximum target level/volume has been defined based on an operating and management decision, such as to maintain airspace for flood mitigation. Note that you can only specify either the level or volume, although only the level is retained.
Storage node (Main window)
Storage dimensions
...
Both Minimum operating level and Maximum operating level are only used when the storage is configured as a weir. Outlets MUST be configured correctly, and an ungated spillway must NOT be configured as the default outlet. The storage will not release water to satisfy downstream requirements if this results in the water level dropping below the minimum operating level. Likewise, water will be released to prevent the storage rising above the maximum operating level.
| Note |
|---|
| Outlet configuration can override the minimum and maximum operating levels. |
Operating target is the level that the system will attempt to maintain in a downstream storage by transferring water from an upstream storage.
Figure 2. Storage node, Operating target
Storage dimensions
Select Dimensions (Figure 3) to specify the dimensions of the storage node using level, volume and surface area. It can be entered manually as a piecewise linear relationship or imported as a comma-separated file (format shown in Table 1). The graph displays a relationship between
...
...
...
, Dimensions
Table 2. Storage node, Dimensions (
...
...
...
...
...
Storage node (Constituents)
Storage node (Constituents, Inlet Channel Mixing)
Gauged Level
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Gauged Releases
This
...
...
...
...
...
...
Note that the default value is no forecast release model. If you configure a forecast model, releases in the forecast period can be forecast using the same method as for the Inflow node.
Storage node (Gauged Releases)
...
Figure 5.
Figure 5. Storage node, Gauged releases
Outlets
Outlets (
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
, Outlets
Rainfall
Rain falling directly over the storage reservoir can be input as a time series
...
...
...
...
...
...
Evaporation
Evaporation directly from the storage surface can be input as a single value, as a time series
...
Storage node (Evaporation)
...
or an expression (Figure 8).
Figure 8. Storage node, Evaporation
Seepage
Water can infiltrate into the ground where the soil is not fully saturated. Where groundwater intercepts the surface, water can seep from groundwater into the storage, where infiltration can occur wherever there is a ground/water interface. Seepage (
...
...
...
...
, Seepage
| Anchor | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
You can specify whether this storage will operate as a weir by right-
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Forecasting in storages
You can configure forecasting for various parts of the storage node using the following tabs:
- Evaporation forecasting
- Rainfall forecasting
- Release forecasting
Refer to Forecasting for more details.
...
reach
Ordering storages
If your model uses optimised ordering, you should leave the priority level of each link at its default value of 1. Refer to Figure 11 for details on configuring ordering for the storage node.
Figure 11. Storage Node, Ordering
Ownership in storages
...
...
Storage node (Storage details)
Parameter | Definition | Default |
|---|---|---|
Full Supply | The level or volume for which uncontrolled flow commences over an un-gated spillway. | Equal to the level of the spillway. |
Initial Storage | The initial water level/volume in the storage at the start. This level must be above or equal to the minimum storage water level defined in the storage dimensions relationship. | There is no default value, but it can be a non-integer, with the minimum being the lowest storage dimension level |
Dead Storage | The level or volume below which water cannot be released from the storage | 0 |
Storage outlet types
Outlet Type | Description | Piecewise linear function required |
|---|---|---|
Culvert | A conduit is used to enclose a flowing body of water. It may be used to allow water to pass underneath a road, railway or embankment. | Level vs discharge |
Gated Spillway | Controls releases by the operation of gates. This allows for a range of discharges rates for each water level, depending on how wide the gates are opened. | Level vs minimum and maximum discharge |
Hydropower Valve | The power generated from a hydropower. | Level vs maximum discharge |
Pump | Used to extract water from the storage (rather than allow discharge). This may be used where the location of the demand is at a higher elevation compared with the storage, or to extract water from the dead storage and which is below other release structures | Level vs maximum water pumped |
Un-gated spillway | A structure that controls the spill of water from a storage. It is designed to spill water once the storage is full and ensures that any spills are controlled. This prevents the storage from failing. Un-gated spillway rating tables are used to populate the Discharge table. The full storage level should have a zero discharge and the discharge depth needs to be calculated as the height above the full storage level. | Level vs discharge |
Valve | Used to release water via a pipe. Valves normally release environmental flows from storages. The valve rating table is used to control the volume of water released via this method. | Level vs maximum discharge |
Storage node (Outlets, data file format)
Row | Column (comma-separated) | |
|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | |
1 | Level (m) | Discharge (ML/d) |
2 | 0 | 0 |
3..n | level | discharge |
Where: level is the storage level measured in metres
discharge is the associated discharge measured in megalitres per day
Storage node (Seepage, data file format)
Row | Column (comma-separated) | |
|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | |
1 | Level (m) | Seepage (mm/d) |
2 | 0 | 0 |
3..n | level | seepage |
...
Refer to Figure 12 for details.