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Table 1. Storage node, details
| Parameter | Definition | Default |
|---|---|---|
| Full Supply | The level or volume for which uncontrolled flow commences over an un-gated spillway. | Equal to the level of the spillway. |
| Initial Storage | The initial water level/volume in the storage at the start. This level must be above or equal to the minimum storage water level defined in the storage dimensions relationship. | There is no default value, but it can be a non-integer, with the minimum being the lowest storage dimension level. |
| Dead storage | The level or volume below which water cannot be released from the storage. This is different for rules-based and netLP ordering. Refer to the note below. | 0 |
| Info | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
| Note: In rules-based ordering, the defined dead storage does not impact on the ability to release; this is only affected by the storage’s outlet characteristics. In netLP ordering, the defined dead storage level overrides the storage outlet characteristics, that is, an outlet cannot release water below the defined dead storage level, even if it is configured to be able to release below the defined dead storage level. |
Operating targets
Releases from storages are normally assumed to be constant through the time-step (limited by volume to the minimum or maximum release curves).
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| Outlet configuration can override the minimum and maximum operating levels. |
Operating target is the level that the system will attempt to maintain in a downstream storage by transferring water from an upstream storage.
Figure 2. Storage node, Operating target
Storage dimensions
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level
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surface area
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Figure 4.
Figure 4. Storage node, Gauged level
Gauged Releases
This item shows a list of storage releases that are forced to be equal to observed releases. Click on the disclosure triangle to view these. Then, right click to enable the required release. For each outlet path, you can source observed release from either a time series
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releases
Outlets
Outlets (
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Feature Editor 18. Storage node (Outlets)
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- Capacity.
Table 3. Storage Outlet Types
| Outlet Type | Description | Piecewise linear function required |
|---|---|---|
| Culvert | A conduit is used to enclose a flowing body of water. It may be used to allow water to pass underneath a road, railway or embankment. | Level vs discharge |
| Gated Spillway | Controls releases by the operation of gates. This allows for arange of discharges rates for each water level, depending on how wide the gates are opened. | Level vs minimum and maximum discharge |
| Hydropower Valve | The power generated from a hydroelectric system. | Level vs maximum discharge |
| Pump | Used to extract water from the storage (rather than allow discharge). This may be used where the location of the demand is at a higher elevation compared with the storage, or to extract water from the dead storage and which is below other release structures | Level vs maximum water pumped |
| Un-gated Spillway | A structure that controls the spill of water from a storage. It is designed to spill water once the storage is full and ensures that any spills are controlled. This prevents the storage from failing. Un-gated spillway rating tables are used to populate the Discharge table. The full storage level should have a zero discharge and the discharge depth needs to be calculated as the height above the full storage level. | Level vs discharge |
| Valve | Used to release water via a pipe. Valves normally release environmental flows from storages. The valve rating table is used to control the volume of water released via this method. | Level vs maximum discharge |
Table 4. Storage node, Seepage (data file format)
| Row | Column (comma-separated) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | |
| 1 | Level (m) | Seepage (mm/d) |
| 2 | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | level | seepage |
| Info | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
| Note: When there are multiple outlets configured, water will flow down the outlet path assigned to the default spillway. Also, when a minimum flow requirement node is connected downstream of the storage node, water will flow through the path that links it to the storage. |
Figure 6. Storage node, Outlets
Rainfall
Rain falling directly over the storage reservoir can be input as a time series, using the
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Evaporation
Evaporation directly from the storage surface can be input as a single value, as a time series
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Seepage
Water can infiltrate into the ground where the soil is not fully saturated. Where groundwater intercepts the surface, water can seep from groundwater into the storage, where infiltration can occur wherever there is a ground/water interface. Seepage (
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| Anchor | ||||
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You can specify whether this storage will operate as a weir by right-
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Feature Editor 16. Storage node (Gauged Level)
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Gated Spillway.
Figure 10. Storage node, Upstream reach
Ordering storages
If your model uses optimised ordering, you should leave the priority level of each link at its default value of 1. Refer to Figure 11 for details on configuring ordering for the storage node.
Figure 11. Storage Node, Ordering
Ownership in storages
In ownership, observed values may not be available for every time-step. Additionally, observed values cannot include negative numbers, as ownership of storages can potentially result in negative shares when you support borrow and payback. Refer to
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Parameter | Definition | Default |
|---|---|---|
Full Supply | The level or volume for which uncontrolled flow commences over an un-gated spillway. | Equal to the level of the spillway. |
Initial Storage | The initial water level/volume in the storage at the start. This level must be above or equal to the minimum storage water level defined in the storage dimensions relationship. | There is no default value, but it can be a non-integer, with the minimum being the lowest storage dimension level |
Dead Storage | The level or volume below which water cannot be released from the storage | 0 |
Table 9. Storage outlet types
Outlet Type | Description | Piecewise linear function required |
|---|---|---|
Culvert | A conduit is used to enclose a flowing body of water. It may be used to allow water to pass underneath a road, railway or embankment. | Level vs discharge |
Gated Spillway | Controls releases by the operation of gates. This allows for a range of discharges rates for each water level, depending on how wide the gates are opened. | Level vs minimum and maximum discharge |
Hydropower Valve | The power generated from a hydropower. | Level vs maximum discharge |
Pump | Used to extract water from the storage (rather than allow discharge). This may be used where the location of the demand is at a higher elevation compared with the storage, or to extract water from the dead storage and which is below other release structures | Level vs maximum water pumped |
Un-gated spillway | A structure that controls the spill of water from a storage. It is designed to spill water once the storage is full and ensures that any spills are controlled. This prevents the storage from failing. Un-gated spillway rating tables are used to populate the Discharge table. The full storage level should have a zero discharge and the discharge depth needs to be calculated as the height above the full storage level. | Level vs discharge |
Valve | Used to release water via a pipe. Valves normally release environmental flows from storages. The valve rating table is used to control the volume of water released via this method. | Level vs maximum discharge |
Table 10. Storage node (Outlets, data file format)
Row | Column (comma-separated) | |
|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | |
1 | Level (m) | Discharge (ML/d) |
2 | 0 | 0 |
3..n | level | discharge |
Where: level is the storage level measured in metres
discharge is the associated discharge measured in megalitres per day
Table 11. Storage node (Seepage, data file format)
Row | Column (comma-separated) | |
|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | |
1 | Level (m) | Seepage (mm/d) |
2 | 0 | 0 |
3..n | level | seepage |
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