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MUSIC simulates the operation of the following different
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types of stormwater quality improvement facilities:
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| are commonly used as |
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| a source control measure, particularly for management of road runoff. They are effective in the removal of coarse to medium- |
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| size sediments and can be used as an effective pre-treatment measure |
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| for bioretention systems. They also can assist in reduction |
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| of peak flows for smaller events and may promote |
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| infiltration dependent upon the underlying soil conditions. | |
| Vegetated Swales |
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| are open |
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| channel systems which use vegetation to aid the removal of sediment |
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| and suspended solids. These systems are subjected to fairly |
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| high hydraulic loading and the removal efficiency is dependent on |
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| the density and height of the vegetation in the channel. As |
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| for buffer strips, the vegetation can assist in reducing peak flows |
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| for a range of events (dependent on the swale width and length) and |
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| may also be beneficial in volumetric reduction through infiltration, dependent upon the underlying soil conditions. | |
| Wetlands |
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| are an effective |
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| stormwater treatment measure for the removal of fine suspended solids |
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| and associated contaminants, as well as soluble contaminants. They can also provide significant storage for a range of |
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| storm events. These systems use a combination of physical, |
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| chemical and biological processes to remove stormwater pollutants. They |
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| are commonly used as |
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| "end-of- |
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| pipe" stormwater treatment systems, |
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| but recent research has shown that they are scalable for application |
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| as near-source control measures. The model also has the capability |
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| to model the reuse of treated stormwater stored in |
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| wetland systems. |
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| Bioretention Systems (also known as biofiltration |
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| systems or rain-gardens) promote the removal of particulate and |
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| soluble contaminants by passing stormwater water through a filter medium, either for infiltration into surrounding soils, or for |
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| collection by an underdrain. This category is thus also used for |
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| modelling vegetated infiltration systems, |
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| whilst unvegetated |
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| infiltration systems are modelled with the Infiltration node (see below). |
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| Well designed bioretention systems can provide both flow management |
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| and water quality benefits. A range of factors affect the |
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| treatment performance of the bioretention systems, including the type |
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| and composition of filter media (e.g. loamy sand), the presence |
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| and type of vegetation used, and the presence of design |
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| enhancements such as the use of a saturated zone to enhance denitrification. |
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| In music, the prediction of bioretention system performance is |
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| based on extensive research undertaken by the Facility for |
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| Advancing Water Biofiltration ( |
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| see www.monash.edu.au/fawb). It is strongly |
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| recommended that FAWB’s Stormwater Biofiltration Adoption Guidelines |
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| be consulted when designing (and modelling) |
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| bioretention systems. |
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| Infiltration Systems reduce the volume of stormwater, |
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| and hence the frequency of runoff and the mass of contaminants carried, by infiltration into the bed of the basin. In music |
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| the Infiltration node is |
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| used only to |
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| simulate the performance of unvegetated |
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| infiltration systems (e.g. using gravel or sand filter media). |
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| Vegetated infiltration systems should be modelled using the |
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| Bioretention node ( |
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| see above). |
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| In general, the use of vegetated infiltration systems is |
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| advocated wherever possible. In unvegetated systems, coarse particulates |
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| are deposited on the floor of the basin. Dissolved material and |
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| very fine particulates infiltrate into the soil, hence the potential |
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| for contamination of groundwater needs to be addressed. Inflows |
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| in excess of the storage and infiltration capacity of the basin |
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| will overflow and continue downstream. By reducing the volume of |
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| surface runoff, infiltration systems help to counteract the increase |
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| in runoff volume and frequency that generally |
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| accompanies urbanisation. | |
| Media Filtration Systems |
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| are commonly modular or pre-fabricated systems which are used |
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| for filtering stormwater. These systems typically use a simple |
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| sand media, or a more specialised engineered media, and may |
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| be specifically tailored to provide water quality suitable |
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| for stormwater harvesting. You can edit the properties of this node |
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| to match the specifications of the filtration system being used ( |
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| such modification should be undertaken only using published |
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| and peer-reviewed data). | |
| Ponds |
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| are stormwater treatment measures such as open water bodies (without |
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| significant shallow vegetated areas in the predominant flow paths) |
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| and ornamental ponds. The treatment of stormwater is |
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| predominantly associated with temporary detention to reduce peak flows |
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| and facilitate settling of suspended solids. Other treatment |
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| processes promoted in pond systems include phytoplankton assimilation |
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| of soluble nutrients and ultra-violet disinfection. These |
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| processes are currently not explicitly included in the modelling algorithm. The model also has the capability to model the reuse of |
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| treated stormwater stored in ponds. | |
| Rainwater Tanks |
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| enable reuse |
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| of roof runoff for in-house or garden use. While some settling |
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| may occur in the tank, the main contaminant removal process is |
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| the diversion of impervious area runoff to pervious areas (via |
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| garden use) or to sewer (after in-house use). Effective use of |
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| rainwater tanks can reduce the directly connected impervious area of |
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| a catchment, and help to counteract the increase in impervious |
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| area that generally accompanies urbanisation through reduction in |
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| runoff volumes. | |
| Sedimentation Basins |
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| are open water bodies aimed predominantly at the removal of |
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| coarse and medium particles. Typically they operate at high |
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| hydraulic loading rates, and have fairly short detention times. The |
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| treatment of stormwater in sedimentation basins is achieved almost |
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| entirely by temporary detention to facilitate settling of suspended solids. No other biological or biochemical processes are simulated |
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| within the Sedimentation Basin node. |
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| Detention Basins are open or closed storages aimed primarily at reducing downstream |
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| peak flows although they also offer some removal of coarse and |
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| medium particles. Typically they operate at high hydraulic loading rates, and have fairly short detention times. The treatment of |
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| stormwater in detention basins is achieved almost entirely by |
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| temporary detention to facilitate settling of suspended solids. No |
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| other biological or biochemical processes are simulated within |
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| the Detention Basin node. | |
| Gross Pollutant Traps |
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| are devices for effective removal of solids conveyed by |
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| stormwater which are typically larger than 5 mm. Often, they are used as |
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| the first treatment element in a stormwater treatment train. There |
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| are many proprietary gross pollutant traps currently suitable for |
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| use in urban catchments and information on their performance |
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| is becoming available. As for media filtration systems, information |
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| on performance of these systems should only be sourced from |
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| published and peer-reviewed data. | |
| Generic Treatment Nodes |
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| allow you to define |
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| "transfer functions" for flows and water |
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| quality for stormwater quality treatment measures which are not |
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| explicitly modelled in music. Generic nodes can also be used to model |
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| such situations as flow diversion, flow dilution, contamination by |
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| sewer overflow, etc. |