Supply point node

Supply point configuration

Extract Water

Enabling the Extract water checkbox will ensure that the supply point extracts water. If disabled, water will not be given to the water user, and it will be passed downstream. This is the only difference between enabling and disabling the checkbox. Disable the Extract Water checkbox for demand models which require a flow at the supply point, but require the flow to remain in-stream, ie., the order will not actually be extracted. This could be used for shepherding environmental releases, for example.

Groundwater

The Groundwater checkbox signifies the supply point as a groundwater pump. It will be used only when there is demand and there is no available regulated, supplementary water, or water from on farm storage to satisfy demand.  You must set the maximum extraction rate (ML/day) for groundwater sources. When Groundwater is enabled, the supply point node icon changes to indicate groundwater extraction (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Supply point node, groundwater extraction

Allow Orders

Enabling the Allow Orders checkbox essentially means that the supply of water to the water user is regulated. This will affect water distribution if account sharing has been set up in the Water user node. Refer to Account sharing (full Source version only);

Add Orders to Downstream Orders

This option only applies to non-extractive supply points and is available when Extract Water is unchecked and Allow Orders is checked.  (The supply point behaviour becomes similar to a minimum flow node). When the supply point extracts water, this checkbox is forced on, as the water ordered does not make it downstream. In some circumstances, such as when tracking water entitlements, you may wish to only have the order required to make up the total on top of downstream orders to be attributed to the supply point, not the entire amount flowing past, as the downstream water users will already have those orders attributed to them. If the water user requires water, the water user requirement is added to the downstream orders.e.g Downstream of the supply point there is currently a 20ML order, the water user requires 30ML, the supply point will order 30ML and the total ordered volume upstream will be 50ML. When this option is unchecked it will only order the difference between the downstream order and water user requirement. 

Use Unregulated Flow to Satisfy Orders

Over Order Factor

Specifying an Over Order Factor  will allow you to choose a percentage factor representing additional water released to meet a particular order, eg a factor of 1.2 or 120% means that the demand is scaled up by 20% in the ordering phase. The additional water is sourced from the upstream storage

Units: Percentage or proportion

Allowable range: Positive integer (%) greater than or equal to 100. Values of less than 100 (%) or 1 (proportion) are changed back to 100% or 1.

Default value: 100%

During the flow phase, the extraction actually available to the water user is the minimum of i) the original order (not including the over order factor), or ii) the physical extraction capacity, or iii) any river flow constraints.

The over order factor does not necessarily need to incorporate all estimated delivery losses in the system. If there are upstream nodes or links which simulate losses in the system between the storage and the supply point, Source automatically increases the order to account for estimates of those losses. Refer to the individual node descriptions in the Source Scientific Reference Guide for methods used to estimate losses.

The over order factor is used to add further contingency to a storage release. It should therefore only be calibrated after the physical characteristics of the system have been completely configured. It is up to you to select (or calibrate) an over order factor which is realistic for the system (to ensure that unnecessary water is not released from the storage).

Maximum Extraction Rate

The maximum extraction rate is the highest possible pumping rate for in bank flows. It can be specified using a value, data source, function or rate table.  Optionally you can add an additional pump capacity for overbank flows by specifying an Overbank Threshold and Overbank Pump Capacity. 

If you are extracting surface water, specifying a maximum extraction rate is optional, as the extraction will be limited by other factors such as orders and flow in the river. If groundwater extraction is selected, a maximum extraction rate must be provided otherwise unlimited amounts of water will be available. 

The absence of a limit on supply point pumping capacity can lead to a situation where the Maximum Extraction Rate result cannot be displayed because it will contain infinite values resulting in an empty graph

Note that for regulated supply points (Allow Orders enabled) the value is applied in the order phase. For unregulated supply points ((Allow Orders disabled) it is applied in the flow phase.

Overbank Threshold

The overbank threshold should be configured if you want to simulate floodplain harvesting by the water user. Overbank flow occurs if the flow rate in the river rises above the specified overbank threshold. Any overbank water can be used to meet the demand model or water user storage requirements without incurring a debit on the water user’s accounts.

Overbank Pump Capacity

The overbank pump capacity is the additional pump capacity that can be used to pump flows in excess of the overbank threshold. It can be specified using a value or function. 

Diversion Threshold

The supply point will not be able to pump any water below the diversion threshold. It tries to mimic the fact that the pump may not be at the very bottom of the river. Therefore, you need a certain volume of water in the river before you can pump any at all. It affects the system during the flow phase of the supply point only. It can be specified using a value or function.

Specify maximum account deduction (full Source version only)

If Extract water is not enabled, you can specify maximum account deduction which will limit water debited to an accounting system; if this deduction cap is more than total order water, the total order water is debited. This parameter can be specified as a value or a function.

Distribution Loss

You can specify a loss at the supply point as a percentage or proportion of extraction as a value, function or data source (Figure 3). This water is lost from the system, and constrains the amount of water available to water users. For example, if the maximum extraction rate is 100 ML/d, and there is also a 25% distribution loss, the water users have access to 75 ML/d. Orders by the supply point are increased to accommodate the distribution loss, and will then be increased again by the over order factor (if configured). By selecting the Order additional volume option the user can select whether the additional volume is always ordered or only ordered when there is a demand from the Water User node.

Figure 3. Supply point node, Distribution Loss

Resource Assessment (full Source version only)

In a resource assessment system, distribution loss is not deducted from any account unless From Account Host & Distribution Losses is selected as the Usage to Date calculation method on the Configuration tab for the annual accounting system (see /wiki/spaces/SD43/pages/53543471).

Supply Point Demand Constraints

Demand Constraints can be placed on the supply point to restrict the volume of water that a Water User node can use during either a Water Year, Moving Water Year or Moving Time Window (Figure 4). The Usage Limit Volume and Initial Debit can be set with either a fixed volume, Data Source or by a Function.

Figure 4. Supply point node, Demand Constraint